![]() Support our Natural Stream Restoration efforts to recreate stable channels based on the hydrology and hydraulics that shape natural channels. Further downstream, moving out of the bend, the channel straightens, and the channel cross-section becomes more uniform through the riffle. In these pool and bend sections, one side of the channel is significantly deeper. As every angler knows, deep pools form on the outer bends of meanders, with low sloping point bars of accumulated gravel or cobble on the inside bends. ![]() This process reinforces the riffle-pool structure of a stream. Meanders are produced when water in the stream channel erodes the sediments of an outer bend of a streambank and deposits this and other sediment on subsequent inner bends downstream. Remember, streams are transport machines, moving water and sediment from their watersheds relentlessly downslope. Streams meander to maintain equilibrium – a dynamically stable form and function. The geometry of the meander minimizes the amount of work, or energy expended, while using that same energy uniformly. ![]() Those bends and turns manage the energy of water, as it moves through and over channel terrain, by increasing resistance and reducing channel gradient. On broad, low-slope plains, streams thread back and forth. In steep topography, channels are straighter, influenced by slope and confined by valleys. They are sinuous, with channels that bend, curve, or loop. Wynn RB, Cronin BT, Pekall J (2007) Sinuous deep-water channels: genesis, geometry and architecture.When you see a stream from the air, from a plane or a satellite photo, one thing is quickly apparent: streams meander. Williams-Jones G, Williams-Jones AE, Stix J (1998) The nature and origin of Venusian canali. Stolum HH (1996) River meandering as a self-organization process. Rasmussen J, Mossa J (2011) Oxbow lakes as indicators of river channel change: Leaf river, Mississippi, USA. Malin MC, Edgett KS (2003) Evidence for persistent flow and aqueous sedimentation on early Mars. In: Goudie AS (ed) Encyclopaedia of geomorphology. 25th Lunar Planet Sci Conf, abstract #667, Houston Kargel JS (1994) An Alluvial depositional analog for some volcanic plains on venus. Hooke JM (2004) Cutoffs galore!: occurrence and causes of multiple cutoffs on a meandering river. Güneralp I, Marston RA (2012) Process–form linkages in meander morphodynamics: bridging theoretical modeling and real world complexity. Lunar Planet Sci Conf XXII:507–508, Houston ![]() Gulick VC, Komatsu G, Baker VR, Strom RG (1991) Channels on venus: a preliminary morphological assessment and classification. Gregg TKP, Roberts C, Aileen Y (2012) Construction and erosion in the formation of lunar sinuous rilles. 44th Lunar Planet Sci Conf, abstract #2948, Houston. Lunar Planet Sci XXXVIII, abstract #1226, Houstonįairén AG, Davies NS, Squyres SW (2013) Equatorial ground ice and meandering rivers on Mars. Lunar Planet Sci Conf XXII, abstract #1023, pp 45–46, Houstonĭe Hon RA (2007) On meanders and sinuosity of Martian channels. ![]() Sedimentology 5:89–191īaker VR, Komatsu G, Gulick VC, Kargel JS (1991) Channels on venus: an overview. Allen JRL (1965) A review of the origin and characteristics of recent alluvial sediments. ![]()
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